I. Raw khoom xaiv thiab pretreatment
1. Raw khoom xaiv
Ntau yam: Xaiv ntau yam nrog cov nqaij tawv, cov ntsiab lus qab zib siab (≥14%), cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tu ncua, thiab tsis muaj kab mob thiab kab mob.
Kev loj hlob: Yim caum feem pua ntawm ripeness yog qhov tsim nyog, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog txiv kab ntxwv-daj, thiab cov nqaij yog khov. Overripe los yog nyoos persimmons yuav cuam tshuam qhov zoo tom qab ziab.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: Tshem cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lwj, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo deformed, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj kev puas tsuaj.
2. Ntxuav thiab tev
Ntxuav: Ntxiv 0.5% dilute hydrochloric acid rau 5-10 feeb los txhim kho cov nyhuv ntxuav, thiab tom qab ntawd yaug nrog dej huv.
Peeling: Siv phau ntawv tev lossis tshuab tev tawm kom tshem tawm cov tev. Yog tias nws tsis ua tiav tam sim ntawd tom qab tev, nws tuaj yeem tsau rau hauv qhov sib xyaw ntawm 0.5% ntsev thiab 0.1% citric acid kom tiv thaiv oxidation thiab browning.
3. Txiav thiab qia tshem tawm
Txiav: Txiav persimmon rau hauv slices nrog ib tug tuab ntawm txog 0.5-1 cm. Yog tias koj xav ua kom tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam txiav, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ua tus ntoo khaub lig me me ntawm lub qia kom yooj yim rau dej evaporation.
Kev tshem tawm stalk: Siv rab riam tshem tawm qia thiab calyx ntawm persimmon kom paub meej qhov kev txiav du.
II. Kev tiv thaiv xim thiab kho hardening (optional step)
1. Kev kho xim tiv thaiv
Blanching: Muab cov persimmon tso rau hauv dej kub ntawm 80-90℃rau 2-3 feeb los rhuav tshem cov kev ua oxidase hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tiv thaiv browning thaum lub sij hawm ziab. Tom qab blanching, maj mam txias rau chav sov nrog dej txias.
Kev kho cov tshuaj sulfur: Yog tias yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntev, sulfur fumigation tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov xim. Muab cov persimmons tso rau hauv chav tsev pheebsuab fumigation, siv 300-500 grams sulfur rau txhua 100 kilograms ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, ignite cov sulfur thiab muab kaw rau 4-6 teev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov sulfur residue yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb zaub mov (≤50 mg/kg).
2. Kev kho hardening
Rau ntau yam nrog cov nqaij mos, persimmons tuaj yeem soaked hauv 0.1% -0.2% calcium chloride tov rau 1-2 teev kom tawv nqaij tawv nqaij thiab tsis txhob deformation lossis rot thaum ziab. Yaug nrog dej huv tom qab kev kho mob.
III. Kev npaj ua ntej ziab
1. Plating thiab tso
Muab cov persimmons ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub tais ci los yog hlau khib, 1-2 cm sib nrug ntawm ib leeg, tsis txhob stacking, xyuas kom zoo qhov cua thiab cov dej evaporation. Thaum ziab tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tso cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau pem hauv ntej kom yooj yim rau dej tawm.
Lub tais ci tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, xyoob lossis cov khoom noj khoom haus yas, thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej siv (xws li so nrog 75% cawv) kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.
2. Ua ntej ziab (natural drying)
Yog tias muaj kev tso cai, persimmons tuaj yeem ua ntej ziab hauv lub hnub rau 1-2 hnub kom evaporate cov av noo thiab txo lub sijhawm ziab. Thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej ziab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov ntaub qhwv kom tsis txhob yoov tshaj cum tom thiab plua plav paug, thiab tig nws dua 1-2 zaug hauv ib hnub kom paub meej tias qhov ziab tsis zoo.
IV. Kev tswj cov txheej txheem ziab (qhov tseem ceeb txuas)
1. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv kom qhuav
Western Flag ziab cov cuab yeej siv PLC ntse tswj thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias; Lub tshav kub qhov chaw yog dav, xws li hluav taws xob, twj tso kua mis, chav dej, dej kub, thermal roj, natural gas, LPG, diesel, biogas, biomass pellets, taws, thee, thiab lwm yam.; Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm persimmons, koj tuaj yeem xaiv chav ziab khaub ncaws lossis siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws.
Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho kev siv rau cov txheej txheem ziab ntawm chav ziab khaub ncaws
2. Cov txheej txheem ziab kom qhuav
Theem 1: Preheating (0-2 teev)
Kub: maj mam nce los ntawm 30℃rau 45℃, cov av noo yog tswj ntawm 60% -70%, thiab cua ceev yog 1-2 m / s.
Lub hom phiaj: kom sib npaug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm persimmons thiab qhib qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov dej noo mus rau qhov chaw.
Theem 2: Kev ziab tas li (2-10 teev)
Kub: 45-55℃, av noo txo mus rau 40% -50%, cua ceev 2-3 m / s.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Tig cov khoom siv txhua 2 teev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cua sov zoo ib yam. Ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov dej evaporates nyob rau theem no, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm persimmons yog txo los ntawm 50%.
Kauj Ruam 3: Ua kom qhuav (10-20 teev)
Kub: maj mam nce mus rau 60-65℃, cov av noo tswj qis dua 30%, cua ceev 1-2 m / s.
Lub hom phiaj: Txo cov evaporation tus nqi ntawm cov av noo noo, tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm persimmons los ntawm crusting, thiab txhawb lub qeeb diffusion ntawm sab hauv ya raws sab nraud.
Theem 4: Txias tshuav (tom qab 20 teev)
Kub: poob qis dua 40℃, tua lub tshuab cua sov, ua kom qhov cua, thiab ua kom cov av noo ntawm persimmons sib npaug.
Kev txiav txim siab kawg: Cov dej noo ntawm cov persimmons qhuav yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 15% -20%. Cov nqaij yuav tsum elastic thiab tsis nplaum thaum nyem los ntawm tes, thiab tsis muaj kua txiv yuav tsum tau tawm tom qab txiav.
3. Ceev faj
Thaum lub sijhawm ziab, qhov kub thiab av noo yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub thiab txias ua rau cov persimmons hlawv lossis poob cov as-ham (vitamin C poob yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum nws tshaj 70.℃).
Lub sij hawm ziab ntawm persimmons ntawm ntau yam sib txawv thiab txoj kev txiav yog txawv, thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom yooj yim. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm ziab ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog feem ntau 5-10 teev ntev tshaj li cov hlaisuatxiv hmab txiv ntoo.
V. Mos thiab muab qhab nia
1. Kev kho mob softening
Muab cov persimmons qhuav rau hauv lub thawv ntim lossis lub hnab yas thiab muab tso rau hauv 1-2 hnub kom rov faib cov dej noo hauv cov nqaij, ua kom cov kev ntxhib los mos mos thiab sib xws, thiab tsis txhob tawg lossis tawv.
2. Kev ntsuas ntsuas thiab ntsuas
Qib los ntawm qhov loj me, xim thiab cov duab:
Cov khoom lag luam thawj zaug: ua tiav cov duab, cov xim tsis sib xws (txiv kab ntxwv-liab lossis daj daj), tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, mildew thiab impurities, cov ntsiab lus qab zib siab.
Cov khoom thib ob: Kev tso cai me ntsis deformation, xim yog me ntsis sib dua, thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Tshem tawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj xim, tawg lossis tsw ntxhiab tsw.
VI. Tej teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem
Kev tiv thaiv xim tsis zoo los yog qhov kub kom qhuav kom muaj zog tiv thaiv xim (xws li qhov kub thiab txias ntxiv los yog ncua sij hawm sulfur fumigation), tswj qhov kub kom qhuav≥45℃
Deg crusting Qhov pib ziab kub yog siab dhau Lower qhov pib kub, nce qhov cua, thiab zam evaporation sai ntawm noo noo.
Internal mildew Cov ntsiab lus dej siab dhau los yog qhov chaw ntub dej kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus dej yog≤20% tom qab ziab, tswj cov av noo thaum lub sij hawm cia, thiab ntxiv desiccant yog tias tsim nyog
Kev saj tawv dhau Lub ziab kub yog siab dhau los yog lub sijhawm ntev dhau Kho qhov ziab kom qhuav, ua kom lub sijhawm kub siab, thiab ua kom muag muag
Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: Plaub Hlis-02-2025
